Programming in the context of processing of raster, vector and tabular geospatial data.Basic principles of programming, including languages and syntax, paradigms, variables, control flow and functions. IDL, python, and R. Image spatial datastructures - and spatial databases – Structured query language- ADT, spatial ADTs and their operations,Spatial data structures and spatial indexing.

1.      Lutz, M., 2013. Learning Python, 5 edition. ed. O’Reilly Media, Beijing.

2.      Data Structures and Program Design in C by Robert L Cruise, (2^nd Ed.), Pearson Education

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