Introduction: Fourier Optics, Holography, Optical thin films and periodical structures Bragg gratings, photonic crystals, Gaussian beam propagation, ultra fast lasers, Fundamentals of Nonlinear Optics, Quantum optics.

MEMS: Introduction & applications, Substrates: Quartz, Ceramics, and Polymers.

Smart materials and their properties. Thin films in the context of smart materials, nano, & micro- technologies. Lithography: Fundamentals. Materials such as photoresist used in lithography. Techniques such as using optical, electron beam,focused ion,x-ray beams. Etching and micro machining. Wet and dry etching, deep reactive ion etching. Packaging and bonding, micro-assembly. Reliability studies in packaging. MEMS devices for applications such as in aerospace, biomedical and process industries.