Introduction: Numerical Weather Prediction as an Initial Value Problem, Filtering Problem, Finite Difference Techniques, Explicit, Implicit, and semi-implicit Schemes. Spectral Technique, Galerkin methods, CFL conditions and stability analysis, Staggered grid, Nonlinear Instability and Aliasing.

Introduction: Basic of atmospheric models, types of model (physical, stastistical, etc)

Introduction to Hierarchy of Numerical Models: Barotropic Model, Equivalent Barotropic Model, Two level Baroclinic Model, Shallow Water Equation Model, Primitive Equation Models.

Discussion of the governing laws of primitive equation models (no need of derivations as that was done in the previous semesters).

Numerical representation of atmospheric and oceanic equations (Finite-difference versus spectral models; Time-stepping and numerical stability; Staggered grids and other grids)

Parameterization of small-scale processes: Physical Process, Parameterized processes, Parameterization of sub grid scale process, Parameterization of Convection, Clouds, and Micro Physics, and overview of the parameterization of other physical processes (surface fluxes, boundary layer, radiation, land surface, sea-ice and snow)

High Resolution Modeling: Basic, Capabilities, Limitations, and Interpretation

Resolution, Accuracy, Efficiency, and Computational Cost

Climate Simulation and Climate Drift

Verification and Validation of Climate Model

 1.    An Introduction To Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling, By Warren M. Washington, Claire L. Parkinson
2.    An introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques, By T. N. Krishnamurti and L. Bounoua
3.    Climate Change and Climate Modeling, By J. David Neelin

 Same as Text Books